- Scroll down to read the testimony in Bulgarian -
I have been working at the Bulgarian National Radio (BNR) since 1993 - initially as a reporter and then as a presenter of the morning news segment "Before All" at the Horizon program. During the years that I have been part of the BNR, it has experienced several major crises because of attempts to put pressure on journalists.
Back in 1995, seven leading journalists from the BNR Horizon news programs were fired during the rule of the then socialist government. Another dozen quit the BNR on their own free will. The purge was covered by a number of international reports.
Earlier cases of resistance
In 2001 a BNR Director-General was elected by the then center-right government. The largest protest in the history of public media began. Another round of dismissals of journalists followed.
What was common in these two major crises was the character that the public BNR demonstrated. In spite of all difficulties and human "casualties", the independence of public service journalism prevailed and those who tried to suppress it had to leave eventually. Thus the Bulgarian National Radio confirmed its authority as the media in Bulgaria with the most freedom.
Some call it pluralistic, others call it oppositional. The fact is that the BNR programs give a voice to the strong, the weak and the marginal alike.
This context is important. It makes it clear why when, in September 2019, only one journalist was attacked (me!), A critical mass of co-workers and supporters gathered at the BNR, opposing my removal from the air as an act of censorship and a dangerous precedent .
The recent case
On September 12, 2019 I was called by the newly-appointed Director of Horizon Information Program, who formally announced to me that he was taking away my justice beat and dismissing me from my role as presenter of the Morning Program. There were no motives cited, and the hastiness of this action was disturbing.
It was no surprise to me because since two days earlier I was aware that something was happening around me. Through the Program Director I had been warned that BNR Director General Svetoslav Kostov was considering options for taking me off the air. Among them - a long business trip or an abrupt removal.
It was done in haste because of the ongoing procedure for selecting a Prosecutor- General. In Bulgaria this perhaps the most powerful person in the country. It is a person with a lot of power and opportunities that can be used for good but can also be used as a “bat” - figuratively, the baseball stick, used in the early 1990s by street racketeers across Bulgaria.
A crucial election
The only candidate for the next prosecutor-general was imposed, rather embarrassingly, without much debate or alternatives. Most of the critical media mentioned the flaws in the process in their news, comments and interviews.
So did I. However, this, according to my CEO Svetoslav Kostov, had annoyed some politicians. He never told me which ones, but he claimed that they insisted that I should be removed. And even threatened him that if I continued to talk on the radio and criticize the procedure for choosing a Prosecutor-General, they would "ruin the radio", he would "be out on the street", and "his children would go hungry" ,
Kostov told me about these threats in a private “four eyes” conversation. I offered to break the news that public figures are threatening the BNR Director-General, but he refused on the grounds that his talks with them were also private, and he could not prove they took place. I warned him that if he took me off the air, I would tell the public about this conversation. And that was our last meeting.
A twist of fate
On the following day I was removed from my beat as a reporter, and as the host of my program. I wrote to my colleagues about why this happened. A few hours later, the news was all over the social networks. Then I received a call from the Prime Minister of Bulgaria, who assured me that my critical reporting had nothing to do with it. He also told me that his team had contacted Svetoslav Kostov and asked that I should be reinstated.
A few hours later, I received a call from the Director-General, informing me that the newly appointed Program Director of the Horizon programs had made an “administrative mistake” because he was inexperienced. I was then restored to hosting my show, and to my justice beat as a reporter.
In spite of this resolution, on the following day, the Horizon program was not aired from 6 to 11 in the morning - the time when the morning broadcast "Before All" airs on the day when I was supposed to be taken off. For five hours, the program was only available on the Internet.
Watchdogs (in) action
And because the BNR is part of the national security system, prosecutors began checking why Horizon had been taken off air. The Council of Electronic Media (CEM) also started an investigation. This later resulted in the early termination of the term of office of the BNR Director-General. This is the second such case in Bulgaria since 1988.
The Prosecutor's office found evidence of a crime and opened a case. A special committee of inquiry was set up in Parliament to examine the circumstances surrounding the suspension of the Horizon programs and the evidence of political pressure on BNR journalists.
BNR Director-General Svetoslav Kostov appealed against his dismissal. The CEM has scheduled a new competition for the post. The Prosecutor's office continues to investigate the case, including the pressure on journalists. The Commission at the National Assembly extended its term for this work.
I still don't know who ordered my removal and what made them angry. The “yellow” media, gravitating around those in power, publish insulting and false articles against me almost daily. An MP from one of the parties represented in parliament is unofficially suspected to have ordered my removal. This MP claimed that I was "paid", "a sorosoid" (that means a paid agent of Geroge Soros, founder of the Open Society Foundations), that I serve “oligarchs” and that because of me Bulgaria is ranked 111 in freedom of the media by Reporters Without Borders.
No change in the big picture
Since then, the controversial candidate Ivan Geshev became Bulgaria's Prosecutor General. Apparently my critical reporting of his election did not make much of a difference. And Prime Minister Boyko Borissov, who defended me and re-instated me back to my on air role, also said that "the BNR has been too over-critical of the authorities" and that as a sign of protest against this he has been refusing to give interviews for BNR since he won his first term back in 2009.
At the same time, he points to the BNR as proof that there is freedom of speech in Bulgaria - because public media outlets criticize his government with ease. This is not really the case. Yes, there are critical reports, but they are neither biased, nor dominant. However, there is self-censorship, and many prefer not to ask tough questions, to avoid making the strong men of the day angry.
In conclusion, this case was for me an attempt to subdue and intimidate one of the few free media outlets in Bulgaria. It brought to light the suspicion that there are forces who want to frame the public media as well. Whether it will succeed will become clear after the end of the competition for a new BNR CEO on December 22, 2019. And whether there anyone will be penalized is up to the Prosecution Service, now led by the person whose coverage started my story in the first place.